Compare Western Sahara (2008) - Saint Helena (2005)

Compare Western Sahara (2008) z Saint Helena (2005)

	Western Sahara (2008)	Saint Helena (2005)

Administrative divisions	none (under de facto control of Morocco)	1 administrative area and 2 dependencies; Ascension, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure	0-14 years: 45.4% (male 88,176/female 85,421) 15-64 years: 52.3% (male 98,345/female 101,895) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 3,705/female 5,075) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 18.8% (male 715/female 691) 15-64 years: 71.3% (male 2,745/female 2,575) 65 years and over: 9.8% (male 330/female 404) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish	corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports	9 (2007)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2007)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	-
Area	total: 266,000 sq km land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 410 sq km land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Saint Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative	about the size of Colorado	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background	Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. In April 2007, Morocco presented an autonomy plan for the territory to the UN, which the U.S. considers serious and credible. The Polisario also presented a plan to the UN in 2007. Since August 2007, representatives from the Government of Morocco and the Polisario Front have met three times to negotiate the status of Western Sahara, with a fourth round of negotiations planned for March 2008.	Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate	NA 39.95 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	12.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA	revenues: $11.2 million expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY92/93)
Capital	none time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Jamestown
Climate	hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew	Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline	1,110 km	60 km
Constitution	-	1 January 1989
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena
Death rate	NA	6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	NA (1996)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; several states have extended diplomatic relations to the "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" represented by the Polisario Front in exile in Algeria, while others recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara; most of the approximately 102,000 Sahrawi refugees are sheltered in camps in Tindouf, Algeria	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview	Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. Incomes in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. The Moroccan Government controls all trade and other economic activities in Western Sahara. Morocco and the EU signed a four-year agreement in July 2006 allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including the disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. However, in 2006 the Polisario awarded similar exploration licenses in the disputed territory, which would come into force if Morocco and the Polisario resolve their dispute over Western Sahara.	The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption	79.05 million kWh (2005)	4.65 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	85 million kWh (2005)	5 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues	sparse water and lack of arable land	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Arab, Berber	African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates	Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.2827 (2007), 8.7722 (2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003)	Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
Executive branch	none	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Michael CLANCY (since 15 October 2004) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	NA
Exports - commodities	phosphates 62%	fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)	Tanzania 30.3%, US 23.8%, Japan 10.4%, UK 7.1%, Spain 6.3% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	-	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 40%	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA
Geographic coordinates	24 30 N, 13 00 W	15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note	the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas	harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Highways	-	total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	1,698 bbl/day (2004)	NA
Imports - commodities	fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs	food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)	UK 35.7%, US 17.6%, South Africa 17.5%, Tanzania 10.4%, Australia 5.5%, Spain 4.1% (2004)
Independence	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA
Industries	phosphate mining, handicrafts	construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA%	3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation	none	ICFTU, UPU
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force	12,000	3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 50% industry and services: 50%	agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.02% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2005)	arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2001)
Languages	Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic	English
Legal system	-	NA
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held June 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 77.76 years male: 74.86 years female: 80.81 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 20 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location	Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco	islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday	-	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality	noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian	noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian
Natural hazards	hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility	active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources	phosphates, iron ore	fish
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	none
Population	382,617 note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries (July 2007 est.)	7,460 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	NA	0.59% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Muslim	Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed	NA years of age
Telephone system	general assessment: sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco	general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic network international: country code - 290; HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension Island, which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	about 2,000 (1999 est.)	2,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1999)	0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	NA	0 note: television programs are received in Saint Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)
Terrain	mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast	Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate	NA	1.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	14% (1998 est.)

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